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KMID : 0895420130230030169
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Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Enviromental Hygiene
2013 Volume.23 No. 3 p.169 ~ p.176
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Review of Respiratory Disease and Hazardous Agents Caused by the Use of Biocide in Metalworking Operations
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Park Dong-Uk
Ko Ye-Ji
Yoon Chung-Sik
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Abstract
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Objectives: The aim of this study is to critically review the health effects of not only direct exposure to biocide, but also indirect exposure to by-product hazardous agents generated through the use of biocide in metalworking operations.
Methods: An extensive literature review was conducted of studies reporting on respiratory disease cases, particularly hypersensitivity pneumonitis(HP), in environments using water-soluble metalworking fluids(MWFs). Keyword search terms included ‘etalworking fluids’ ‘achining fluids’ ‘etalworking operation’‘achining operation’and ‘iocide’ which were also used in combination. Additional articles were identified in references cited in the articles reviewed.
Results: Several of the field, epidemiological and experimental studies reviewed assumed that the symptoms and signs typical of HP developed in machinists who handled water-soluble MWF could be caused by inhalation exposure to nontuberculous mycobacteria(NTM). Most NTM are known to be not only resistant to both biocide and disinfectant, but also to have acid-fast cell walls that are highly antigenic. The presence or persistence of the Mycobacterium species, referred to as NTM, in metalworking fluid-using operations may be caused by NTM contamination in either the natural water or tap water that is used to dilute the base oil and additives for water-soluble MWFs. This hypothesis that NTM contamination in water-soluble MWFs is a causative agent of HP has high biologic plausibility, such as antigenic property, hydrophobicity and small diameter(< 5 um).
Conclusions: Aerosolized mycobacteria colonized from MWF are likely to be causing the HP. Inhalation exposure to mycobacteria should be considered as a possible cause for the development of HP.
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KEYWORD
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water-soluble metalworking fluids, biocide, nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), triazine
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